– Non-impact printer
– Produces high quality documents
– Color or black and white
– Print process
• Laser draws text on page
• Toner sticks to text
• Toner melted to page
– Speed measured in pages per minute
– Quality expressed as dots per inch
Definition of memory and its
classification
Ø Memory
• When you launch a program, it is loaded into and run from memory
Ø Classification of Memory
Ø Internal Processor Memory
Ø Main Memory:
Example:
Ø Secondary Memory:
Example: CD, Floppy etc.
Memory Capacity
ü Bit
ü Byte: 1 byte= 8 bits
ü Kilobyte (K or KB): 1KB=1024 bytes
ü Megabyte (M or MB): 1MB=1048579 bytes
ü Gigabyte (G or GB): 1GB=1048876 byte
ü Terabyte
Memory Hierarchies
General Properties of Memory Devices
• Access Time: The average time required to read a fixed amount of information from the memory
• Cycle time: The minimum time between two consecutive memory access operations is called the cycle time.
• Data Transfer rate: The maximum amount of information that can be transferred to or from the memory every second is called the data transfer rate.
